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The International Day of Happiness is celebrated throughout the world on the 20th of March. It was established by the United Nations General Assembly on 28 June 2012. Assembly Resolution A/RES/66/281 states in pertinent part: The International Day of Happiness Resolution 65/309 was the result of the effort the Kingdom of Bhutan and its Gross National Happiness Initiative. 〔("The U.N. Happiness Project - New York Times" )〕 This UN resolution marked the historical milestone of globalizing the Happiness Development Movement that started in 1972. 〔( "Happiness Economics - Well-Being Economics - Historical Milestone - GNH Institute" )〕 ==History of Happiness Development Initiatives== The following historical timeline lists happiness development milestones and international happiness initiatives. * 1972 * * Bhutan's King introduced the Gross National Happiness (GNH) philosophy and its four development pillars at an international conference. 〔("Policy Innovations" )〕 * 2005 * * International Institute of Management introduced second generation GNH (GNH 2.0), the first GNH Index and the first Global GNH Index Survey 〔("Happiness Economics Timeline - GNH Institute" )〕 * 2006 * * The Genuine Progress Indicator was updated from a green measurement system to a broader concept that included quantitative measurement of well-being and happiness.〔("Beyond GDP Paper | Page 2 | John Talberth, Center for Sustainable Economy 2012 at The European Commission Website" )〕 The new measure is motivated by the philosophy of the GNH and the same notion of that subjective measures like well-being are more relevant and important than more objective measures like consumption. It is not measured directly, but only the factors which are believed to lead to it. * * 2006 - The International Institute of Management published a policy white paper calling for the implementation of GNH philosophy in the US and inviting scholars to build upon the GNH Index framework. * 2007 * * Thailand releases Green and Happiness Index (GHI). The Gallup Well-Being Index was modeled after the GNH Index framework of 2005. The Well-Being Index score is an average of six sub-indexes that measures life evaluation, emotional health, work environment, physical health, healthy behaviors, and access to basic necessities. In October 2009, the USA scored 66.1/100. * 2010 * * The Center for Bhutan Studies further defined the original four pillars with greater specificity into eight general contributors to happiness—physical, mental and spiritual health; time-balance; social and community vitality; cultural vitality; education; living standards; good governance; and ecological vitality. The Bhutan GNH Index. 〔("Bhutan GNH Index" )〕 * * The Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative OPHI at the University of Oxford in UK, lunched the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for the United Nations Development Programme, (UNDP). Similar to the GNH Index of 2005, OPHI promotes collection and analysis of data on five dimensions including Quality of work, Empowerment, Physical safety, Ability to go about without shame, Psychological wellbeing.〔("Economic Focus: A Wealth of Data" )〕 * 2011 * * UN General Assembly Resolution 65/309, titled "Happiness: towards a holistic approach to development" 〔(UN Happiness Resolution" )〕 * * The United Nations released the World Happiness Report * * Canadian Index of Wellbeing Network (CIW Network) releases The Canadian Index of Wellbeing (CIW) 〔("Canadian Index of Wellbeing" )〕 * * A leading Israeli newspaper Haaretz, published an article suggesting that western GDP economics is an incomplete development model and called for the adoption of Bhutan's GNH philosophy and Jones' GNH Index in Israel.〔("Why Ordinary Economic Indicators Do Not Tell The Whole Truth, Haaretz, Israel" )〕 * 2012 * * A report prepared for the US Congressman Hansen Clarke, R, Researchers Ben, Beachy and Juston Zorn, at John F. Kennedy School of Government in Harvard University, recommended that "the Congress should prescribe the broad parameters of new, carefully designed supplemental national indicators; it should launch a bipartisan commission of experts to address unresolved methodological issues, and include alternative indicators." They proposed that the government can use the survey results to see which well-being dimensions are least satisfied and which districts and demographic groups are most deficient, so as to allocate resources accordingly. The report list the Gross National Happiness Index and its seven measurement area as one of the main frameworks to consider.〔("National Indicators for a New Era, Ben, Beachy and Juston Zorn, of the John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University" )〕 * * Professor Dr Peter T. Coleman, a world-renowned director of the International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution at Columbia University, suggested that Jones' GNH Index initiative could inform the Global Peace Index Initiative GPI.〔("The Missing Piece in- Sustainable Peace, Professor Peter T. Coleman, professor of psychology and education at Columbia University" )〕 * * South Korea launched Happiness Index citing the GNH Index framework.〔("South Korea Happiness Index" )〕 * * The Government of Goa, India published a strategy for socioeconomic development citing the GNH Index as a model for measuring happiness.〔("Goa 2035 Vision, page 111" )〕 * * The city of Seattle in Washington, launched its own happiness index initiative, emphasizing measures similar to the GNH Index.〔("Seattle Happiness Initiative" )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「International Day of Happiness」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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